It’s based on the article ‘Language and style – the basics‘ which we recommend trainers read before adapting this lesson outline for your own purposes.

Learning objective

Students will analyse and apply effective language and style techniques in journalism to enhance clarity and engagement in news writing. They will evaluate sentence structure, word choice, and objectivity to ensure accurate and unbiased reporting.

• Student-facing objective: By the end of this lesson the student will be able to use clear and engaging language in my news writing, making sure my sentences are structured well and my reporting is fair and accurate.
• Standards: Students will learn about the best use of language and style in their news writing.

Learning activities

Warm-up

Begin with a brief discussion on the importance of clear communication in journalism. Ask students to think of a news story they’ve read or heard recently. Prompt them to consider:

• What made the story easy or difficult to understand?
• Were there any words or phrases that were confusing or unclear?

Encourage students to share their thoughts with a partner. After a few minutes, ask a few students to share their observations with the class. This will activate their prior knowledge about language clarity and prepare them for the lesson on effective language and style in journalism.

Direct instruction

• Conceptual understanding: Introduce the concept of language clarity in journalism. Explain the importance of using short, clear sentences to convey information effectively. Use real-world examples, such as comparing two versions of a news story: one with complex language and one with simplified language. Discuss how the simplified version enhances understanding.
• Procedural skills and fluency: Demonstrate how to construct sentences with a maximum of 20 words and no more than three ideas. Provide examples of sentences that exceed these limits and guide students in rewriting them for clarity. Emphasise the use of active voice and the elimination of unnecessary adjectives and adverbs.
• Application: Present a brief news story with complex language and ask students to rewrite it using the principles discussed. Encourage them to focus on sentence length, word choice, and active voice. Facilitate a class discussion on the changes made and how they improve the story’s clarity and engagement.

Guided practice

Think, Pair, Share: Guide students through a collaborative exercise to practice language clarity in journalism.

• Think: Present students with a complex news excerpt. Ask them to individually identify areas where language clarity can be improved, focusing on sentence length, word choice, and active voice.
• Pair: Have students pair up to discuss their observations. Encourage them to share their thoughts on how to simplify the language and enhance clarity.
• Share: Invite pairs to share their revised versions with the class. Facilitate a discussion on the effectiveness of the changes and how they contribute to clearer communication.
• Feedback: Provide constructive feedback on their revisions, highlighting successful strategies and suggesting further improvements.
• Reflection: Ask students to reflect on the exercise and write down one main takeaway about the importance of language clarity in journalism.

Independent practice

• Provide students with a news article containing complex language. Instruct them to independently rewrite the article, focusing on simplifying sentence structure, using active voice, and eliminating unnecessary words.
• Encourage students to apply the principles of language clarity and style discussed in class.
• Circulate to offer guidance and support as needed.

Assignment

Ask students these questions:

1. How does using active voice improve clarity in news writing?
2. Why is it important to limit sentence length in journalism?
3. What’s one question you still have from today’s lesson?

Suggested answers:

• Suggested answer to Question 1: Active voice makes sentences clearer by showing who is doing the action, making it easier for readers to understand.
• Suggested answer to Question 2: Limiting sentence length helps prevent confusion and ensures that information is conveyed clearly and concisely.

Teacher resources

Differentiation guide

• Advanced learners: Encourage them to explore the nuances of language differences, such as UK vs. US English, and how these affect journalistic style. Challenge them to rewrite a news story in both styles, focusing on maintaining clarity and engagement.
• Striving learners: Provide sentence starters and templates to help them construct clear, concise sentences. Use guided examples to illustrate the transformation of complex sentences into simpler ones. Offer additional practice with identifying active vs. passive voice in sentences.
• Background reading: We recommend trainers read the article ‘Language and style – the basics‘ before adapting this lesson outline for your own purposes. It would also be good to share the link to the article with students.

Notable definitions

• Active voice: A sentence structure where the subject performs the action stated by the verb. It is preferred in journalism for clarity and directness.
• Objectivity: The practice of maintaining neutrality and fairness in reporting, avoiding bias or personal opinions.
• Sentence structure: The arrangement of words in a sentence to convey clear and concise meaning, often emphasising the use of short, simple sentences in journalism.

Required materials

• Whiteboard and markers
• Copies of a news article with complex language for each student
• Handouts with examples of active vs. passive voice
• Projector for displaying examples and student work
• Notebooks or paper for student reflections and exercises

Lesson summary

• Warm-up
• Direct instruction
• Guided practice
• Independent practice
• Assignment

The free teaching tools at the Khan Academy were used in the production of this lesson plan.

Related article

Language and style – basics

The post Lesson: Language and Style first appeared on Media Helping Media.

It’s based on the article ‘Clichés, journalese, and jargon‘ which we recommend trainers study before adapting the following lesson outline.

Learning objective

Students will identify and critique the use of clichés, journalese, and jargon in their writing. They will also demonstrate the ability to revise text to improve clarity and precision.

• Student-facing objective: By the end of this lesson the student will be able to spot clichés, journalese, and jargon in writing and make changes to make the text clearer and more precise.
• Standards: A training lesson designed to help students learn the importance of avoiding the use of clichés journalese, and jargon in their writing.

Learning activities

Warm-up

Present students with a short paragraph filled with clichés, journalese, and jargon. Ask them to read it silently and identify any phrases or words that seem overused or unclear. After a few minutes, have students share their findings with a partner. Then, facilitate a brief class discussion, asking students to explain why certain phrases might be problematic and how they could be improved for clarity. This primes students to recognise and critique these elements in writing.

Direct instruction

Conceptual understanding: Begin by explaining the definitions of clichés, journalese, and jargon. Use real examples from recent news articles to illustrate each concept. Discuss why these elements can hinder clear communication. Highlight how clichés can make writing predictable, journalese can obscure meaning, and jargon can alienate readers unfamiliar with specific terms.

Procedural skills and fluency: Provide students with a list of sentences containing clichés, journalese, and jargon. Ask them to work in pairs to rewrite these sentences for clarity and precision. Encourage them to replace vague or overused phrases with specific, straightforward language. Facilitate a class discussion to review their revisions, emphasising the importance of clear communication in journalism.

Application: Assign a short writing task where students must report on a simple event (e.g., a school announcement) without using clichés, journalese, or jargon. Have them focus on delivering the information clearly and concisely. Afterward, conduct a peer review session where students exchange their reports and provide feedback on clarity and language use.

Guided practice

Think, Pair, Share: Distribute a short article filled with clichés, journalese, and jargon.

• Think: Have students individually read the article and highlight problematic phrases.
• Pair: In pairs, students discuss their findings and suggest clearer alternatives.
• Share: Facilitate a class discussion where pairs share their revisions and reasoning.
• Collect and display: Record student suggestions on the board, organising them into categories (clichés, journalese, jargon).
• Reflection: Ask students to reflect on how their understanding of clear communication has evolved through this exercise.

Independent practice

• Exercise: Provide students with a worksheet containing sentences filled with clichés, journalese, and jargon. Instruct them to rewrite each sentence, focusing on clarity and precision.
• Peer Review: Once completed, have students exchange worksheets with a partner for peer review. Encourage them to provide constructive feedback on the clarity and effectiveness of the revisions.
• Reflection: Ask students to write a brief reflection on the challenges they faced in identifying and revising these elements, and how this practice might influence their future writing.

Assignment

Ask these questions:

1. What is one reason why using clichés, journalese, or jargon can weaken writing?
2. How can replacing jargon with straightforward language improve communication?
3. What’s one question you still have from today’s lesson?

Suggested answers:

• Suggested answer to Question 1: They can make writing predictable and obscure meaning.
• Suggested answer to Question 2: It makes the text clearer and more accessible to a wider audience.

Teacher resources

Differentiation guide

• Advanced learners: Encourage them to identify and critique more subtle examples of clichés, journalese, and jargon. Challenge them to rewrite complex passages from professional articles, focusing on enhancing clarity and precision. Suggest they explore the impact of these elements on different audiences and contexts.
• Striving learners: Provide additional examples and practice opportunities. Use simpler texts to help them identify clichés, journalese, and jargon. Offer sentence starters or templates to guide their revisions. Pair them with peers for collaborative exercises to build confidence and understanding.
• Recommended reading: This lesson plan is based on the article ‘Clichés, journalese, and jargon‘ which we recommend trainers study before adapting the following lesson outline.

Notable definitions

• Cliché: An overused phrase or expression that has lost its originality and impact, often making writing predictable and uninspired.
• Journalese: A style of writing typical of newspapers, characterised by the use of sensationalised language and clichés, which can obscure meaning and clarity.
• Jargon: Specialised language used by a particular group or profession, which can be confusing or alienating to those not familiar with the terminology.

Required materials

• Copies of a short paragraph filled with clichés, journalese, and jargon for the warm-up activity.
• A list of sentences containing clichés, journalese, and jargon for the direct instruction activity.
• A short article filled with clichés, journalese, and jargon for the guided practice activity.
• Worksheets with sentences filled with clichés, journalese, and jargon for the independent practice exercise.
• Highlighters for students to mark problematic phrases.
• Whiteboard and markers for recording student suggestions during class discussions.

Lesson summary

• Warm-up
• Direct instruction
• Guided practice
• Independent practice
• Assignment

The free teaching tools at the Khan Academy were used in the production of this lesson plan.

Related article

Clichés, journalese, and jargon

The post Lesson: Journalese first appeared on Media Helping Media.

Journalists need to recognise and then avoid using journalese, jargon, and clichés. Their writing must be clear, easy to understand, and informative.

Clichés

It’s a cliché to advise writers to avoid clichés. Every time you have a story about a child being left unattended you can reach for the phrase ‘home alone‘; every time two motorists exchange angry words it’s obviously a case of ‘road rage‘; escapes from prison are always ‘daring‘ and inquiries always ‘in depth‘.

The regular use of these predictable words and phrases is numbing and indicates a lack of thought and effort.

In themselves, clichés are a form of shorthand and we would be hard pressed to do without them altogether.

There are probably some lurking within the pages of this site. However, in the final analysis, Clichéville is a town which bears all the hallmarks of the angry clashes which occur with monotonous regularity.

Journalese comes from newspapers, which have developed a particular style to meet their own needs. Some of them have moved a long way from standard English.

Some journalists assume that newspaper English is the language of all journalism. It is not.

Broadcast journalism, written for the ear, requires a different approach. Writing has to be simpler, clearer and more natural.

“Hello Tim. Have you heard that Matt’s job has been axed and he’s pledged to fight on in a bid to block the move.”

You do not often hear people in conversation use words like bid, probe, pledge, axe, plea and all the other short words in the headline writer’s sack. Good radio and television writers avoid them.

“One man’s meat is another man’s poison”, and one man’s list of clichés might be another man’s list of useful sayings and phrases.

However, if you find yourself including any of the following in your script or summary, take yourself to one side and ask yourself if it really is the best you can do.

• a question mark hangs over
• conspicuous by its absence
• the situation remains confused
• leaves much to be desired
• combing the area for clues
• leave no stone unturned
• grind to a halt
• point blank range
• quiet but tense
• moving the goalposts
• full-scale search
• level playing field
• the bottom line
• armed to the teeth
• blessing in disguise
• spread like wildfire
• calm before the storm
• horns of a dilemma
• wealth of experience
• in the final analysis
• in the pipeline
• hail of bullets
• shrouded in mystery
• reign of terror
• ripe old age
• last-ditch effort
• rushed to the scene
• vanished into thin air
• beginning of the end
• limped into port
• burn the midnight oil
• emotions ran high
• moment of truth
• riot of colour

This is a sample – there are lots more where these came from.

Uninspired journalists are also very fond of nouns and adjectives which go together so inevitably that they have lost any force or colour they might once have had. Feel free to add your own favourites to this list.

• glaring omission
• bated breath
• weighty matter
• blissful ignorance
• bitter end
• hot pursuit
• serried ranks
• breakneck speed
• sweeping changes
• true colours
• chequered career
• daylight robbery
• whirlwind tour
• brutal reminder
• marked improvement
• absolute rubbish
• foregone conclusion
• strife torn
• wreak havoc
• open secret
• luxury yacht
• cherished belief
• gory details
• deafening crash
• psychologically important
• blazing inferno

The words and phrases in these lists are not banned. There will be occasions when you choose to use some of them, but at least be aware that when you do you are straying into the superficially attractive word store which produces second-hand, second-rate writing.

A large part of your personal style comes from the vocabulary you use, so choose wisely.

Journalese

Journalese is a specialist form of cliché writing. People who use it presumably want to sound urgent, to make an impact and to be, well, journalistic.

Even though you are a journalist, whether in the field or in the office, try to avoid it. How often have you heard something like this?

“The beleaguered President Humboldt’s grip on power in strife-torn Benguela is weakening. The ailing leader of this oil-rich desert country is said to be literally fighting for his political life.”

“An uneasy peace was brokered after a marathon negotiating session with leaders of the
breakaway Gulf rebels, but it’s almost inevitable that the once undisputed strongman of the region is heading for a bloody confrontation which will plunge Benguela into chaos.”

Please resist the temptation to write like this. It is a style that goes with a trench coat and a trilby hat with a card saying ‘Press‘ tucked in the brim.

Here are some examples of journalese for your consideration.

• Aim – rarely heard in real life except at shooting or archery clubs.
• Amid – does anyone ever use this, or its close relative amidst, in normal conversation.
• Axe – the jobs axe remorselessly falls in much journalism.
• Bid – another one straight from the Hack’s Book of Wee Words.When was the last time you said to a colleague: “Leaves on the line foiled my bid to get to work”?
• Blaze – a potentially useful synonym for fire, but not all fires are blazes.
• Blow – try setback or disappointment.
• Blunder – a word that seems to exist only in journalese, along with its close friend bungle.
• Boost – nearly always accompanied by major, and much the worse for it.
• Boss – a catch-all short word that covers everyone from the director general to the football club manager.
• Centred around – makes no sense, but is much heard.
• Chaos – a hardy perennial in the hack’s garden of delight.
• Chiefs – and their deputies remind us of Hollywood westerns.
• Clash – still hugely popular in news and sport.
• Crucial – often used to suggest significance, often misused.
• Death toll – why not simply say how many people have been killed?
• Dramatic – see crucial.
• Eleventh hour – somehow makes time stand still.
• Emerged – often used when we are late on a story or to suggest spurious journalistic endeavour.
• Fighting for his/her life – the subject is probably unconscious in a hospital bed and making no attempt to do anything.
• Full scale – often added to search or inquiry for no good reason.
• Garner – as in She garnered three awards. Only ever used by hacks.
• Gunned down – probably first used in the Tombstone Sentinel.
• Gunshot wounds – what are they? Bullet wounds or shotgun wounds?
• Hammered out – leave it for metalwork, not negotiated settlements.
• Helping police with their inquiries – being questioned or interviewed is shorter and to the point.
• House fire – most people would say a fire at a house.
• Inferno – this is a really serious state of affairs, not just a fire.
• Joyriding – can lead to death and great anguish.
• Key – heard too often to mean much.
• Launched – barely a day goes by without some report, initiative or investigation being launched.
• Literally – if you mean it literally, it’s not really necessary to say so.
• Mandarins – leave them to the greengrocer. The phrase civil service mandarins is not compulsory.
• Manhunt – police search or murder hunt.
• Marathon – talks which go on for a long time do not demand this adjective.
• Mercy dash – good grief.
• Miraculous – nothing to do with religious belief or theological teaching.
• Oust – top class journalese.
• Plea – ditto
• Pledge – properly belongs in a wedding service or a pawnbroker’s.
• Probe – best left to doctors or one of those tiny cameras.
• Quit – another ditto.
• Quiz – the noun is fine, the verb is an abomination.
• Row – not all differences of opinion justify the use of row.
• Rush – especially to hospital. Use it only when you really mean it.
• Scheme – a great favourite, but what about plan, proposal, idea, project?
• Set – as in A is set to do B. A useful but overworked expression.
• Spark off – would anyone but a journalist use this?
• Spree – shopping or killing?
• Sustain fatal injuries – or die.
• Sweeping changes – the bristles on this must be worn out by now.
• Today – broadcasters should hardly ever need to say this.
• Tracker dogs – specially trained? Or just sniffer dogs. Or even simply dogs.
• Trigger off – see spark off.
• Vital – are you sure?
• Vowed – when was the last time you vowed anything?
• Walked free – from court. This phrase is not compulsory after successful appeals.

Jargon

From doctors to decorators, lawyers to lorry drivers – any group of people working together or in the same field is likely to develop a specialised, shared vocabulary.

As journalists, we can become honorary members of these groups if we use the language correctly.

The danger is that we become so familiar with the jargon that we use it in our writing, which is at odds with our aim to be understood as clearly and universally as possible.

So, the obvious advice is: avoid jargon. Unfortunately, this is often not as easy as it sounds.

Journalism is littered with supply-day motions, three-line whips, the usual channels, corporate governance, collateral damage, affirmative action, throughput, and constructive dismissals.

Police officers say they have attended the scene (been there), that twelve people were apprehended (caught), that evidence was detected (found), and that death was due to immersion (drowning).

The hospital press officer says the driver was fatally injured (killed) and a passenger received a broken leg (his leg was broken) and is undergoing surgery (having an operation).

And what does comfortable mean when someone is lying in hospital? And also describing a patient as critical; does this mean they don’t like the food, the nurses, or the colour scheme in the ward, or is the patient critically ill?

There is a lot of jargon about, but if you recognise it, you can do the audience a favour and substitute real, accessible language instead.

Here are some examples from business:

“The chairman said he was bullish on the company’s sales” (he believed they would increase).

“They can charge more because of tight supply and demand” (prices are going up because demand is high and supplies are low).

“The company says the new model will cause a paradigm shift” (it’s a big change in the generally accepted point of view).

“They are currently evaluating their health care delivery system” (they are looking at the medical services available to staff).

“She was concerned about the granularity of the deal” (she had worries about the details).

Journalists must learn to recognise journalese, jargon and cliches and try their best to avoid them and, instead, use words that help explain and deliver information to the audience.

By John Allen

The original text for this article first appeared in a BBC Style Guide. The BBC gave Media Helping Media permission to rework this material and publish it.

In the relentless pursuit of delivering timely and accurate information, journalists wield immense power. Their words shape public perception, influence policy, and ultimately, contribute to the fabric of our understanding of the world.

However, this power comes with a critical responsibility: to communicate with clarity, precision, and authenticity.

That’s why the pervasive use of clichés, journalese, and jargon is a disservice to both the audience and the profession itself.

The plague of clichés

Clichés, those overused phrases that have lost their original impact, are the antithesis of insightful reporting.

“At the end of the day,” “a perfect storm,” “thinking outside the box” – these phrases, once perhaps vivid, now serve as linguistic placeholders, requiring minimal thought from the writer and offering little substance to the reader. They dull the senses, stifle originality, and suggest a lack of effort.

Instead of relying on tired tropes, journalists should strive for fresh, evocative language that paints a clear picture. For example, instead of saying “it was a perfect storm of events,” a journalist could describe the specific contributing factors and their interplay, allowing the reader to understand the complexity of the situation.

The murky waters of journalese

Journalese, the specialised language often used within the news industry, can be equally problematic. Phrases like “slammed,” “tapped,” “panned,” and “inked a deal” may be efficient shortcuts for journalists, but they often obscure meaning for the average reader.

They create a sense of exclusivity, alienating those unfamiliar with the industry’s vernacular.

Clear, accessible language is paramount. Journalists should aim to explain complex events and concepts in a way that is understandable to a broad audience. This doesn’t mean “dumbing down” the news; it means respecting the intelligence of the reader by providing context and avoiding unnecessary jargon.

The exclusionary nature of jargon

Jargon, the specialised vocabulary of a particular field or profession, poses a similar challenge. While it may be essential for communicating with experts, its use in general news reporting can create a barrier to understanding. Terms like “quantitative easing,” “algorithmic bias,” or “net neutrality” require careful explanation for a general audience.

Journalists have a responsibility to demystify complex topics. This involves breaking down jargon into plain language, providing definitions, and illustrating concepts with relevant examples. By doing so, they empower readers to engage with critical issues and form informed opinions.

The importance of clarity and authenticity

Avoiding clichés, journalese, and jargon is not merely a matter of style; it’s a matter of substance. Clear, precise language fosters trust and credibility. It allows journalists to convey information accurately and effectively, ensuring that their reporting has the intended impact.

Furthermore, authentic language reflects genuine thought and engagement with the subject matter. It demonstrates respect for the reader’s intelligence and a commitment to providing meaningful insights. When journalists rely on tired phrases and industry jargon, they risk sounding detached and formulaic.

In conclusion

In an era of information overload, the demand for clear, insightful journalism is greater than ever. By ditching clichés, journalese, and jargon, journalists can elevate their craft, build trust with their audience, and fulfil their vital role in informing and empowering society. It’s time to move beyond buzzwords and embrace the power of authentic, impactful language.

Questions

1. What is the main focus of the text concerning journalistic writing?
2. Define “journalese”.
3. Why should journalists avoid using clichés?
4. Identify two examples of journalese and explain their typical usage.
5. How should journalists should handle jargon in their writing?
6. Discuss the impact of using clichés and journalese on the quality of journalistic writing.
7. Analyse the difference between broadcast journalism and newspaper journalism in terms of the use of clichés, journalese and jargon.
8. What are some challenges journalists face when trying to avoid jargon?
9. Evaluate the statement: “One man’s list of clichés might be another man’s list of useful sayings.” What does this imply about language use in journalism?
10. Sum up the main strategies for journalists to improve their writing style.

Answers

1. The primary purpose is to guide journalists in avoiding journalese, jargon, and clichés to ensure their writing is clear, easy to understand, and informative.
2. Journalese is a style of writing used in newspapers that often includes clichés and sensational language to sound urgent and impactful.
3. Journalists should avoid clichés because they are predictable, numbing, and indicate a lack of thought and effort in writing.
4. Examples include “axe” (used to describe job cuts) and “bid” (used to describe an attempt). These words are often used in headlines but are not common in everyday conversation.
5. Journalists should recognise jargon and replace it with clear, accessible language to ensure their writing is understood by a broad audience.
6. Using clichés and journalese can make writing seem second-hand and second-rate, reducing its impact and clarity.
7. Broadcast journalism requires simpler, clearer, and more natural language because it is written for the ear, unlike newspaper journalism, which can use more complex language.
8. Journalists may become so familiar with jargon that they inadvertently use it, making their writing less accessible to the general audience.
9. This statement implies that language use is subjective, and what is considered a cliché by one person might be seen as a useful expression by another, highlighting the importance of context in journalism.
10. The text recommends avoiding clichés, journalese, and jargon, and instead using clear, precise language to improve journalistic writing style.

Lesson plan for trainers

If you are a trainer of journalists we have a free lesson plan: ‘Clichés, journalese, and jargon‘ which you are welcome to download and adapt for your own purposes.

The post Clichés, journalese, and jargon first appeared on Media Helping Media.

It’s based on the article ‘Using the right words‘ which we recommend trainers read before adapting the outline below for your own purposes.

Learning objective

Students will analyse and apply the correct use of words in journalism by identifying and correcting common word usage errors. They will evaluate the impact of word choice on clarity and accuracy in journalistic writing.

• Student-facing objective: By the end of this lesson the student will be able to spot and fix common word mistakes in journalism and understand how word choice affects the clarity and truthfulness of news stories.
• Standards: Students will understand the power of words and what to use and what not to use.

Learning activities

Warm-up

Begin with a brief discussion about the importance of word choice in journalism. Ask students to think of a recent news story they read or heard. Prompt them to consider how the choice of words might have influenced their understanding or perception of the story.

Next, present a short sentence with a deliberately incorrect word choice, such as “The politician was assassinated in a car accident.” Ask students to identify the error and suggest a correction. Discuss how the incorrect word changes the meaning and impact of the sentence.

Conclude by emphasising the role of precise language in conveying accurate information. This activity primes students for the lesson’s focus on identifying and correcting word usage errors.

Direct instruction

Conceptual understanding: Introduce key word classifications in journalism. Explain the roles of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and prepositions in sentence construction. Use real examples from recent news articles to illustrate how each word type contributes to clarity and meaning. Discuss the impact of incorrect word choice on the reader’s understanding.

Procedural skills and fluency: Present common word usage errors in journalism, such as “affect/effect” and “fewer/less“. Provide sentences with these errors then ask students to identify and correct them. Use examples such as: “The new policy will effect many changes” and “There are less people attending the event”. Guide students through the correction process, emphasising the importance of precision in word choice.

Application: Assign a brief writing task where students draft a short news report on a given topic. Instruct them to focus on using precise language and avoiding common word usage errors. After writing, have students exchange reports with a partner to peer-review for word choice accuracy. Encourage them to provide constructive feedback and suggest improvements.

Guided practice

Think, Pair, Share: Begin by presenting a sentence with a word usage error, such as “The team was decimated by injuries”. Ask students to individually identify the error and think of a correction.

• Pair: Pair students to discuss their thoughts and agree on a corrected version of the sentence. Encourage them to explain their reasoning to each other.
• Share: Invite pairs to share their corrections with the class. Discuss the impact of the incorrect word on the sentence’s meaning and clarity.
• Collect and display: As students share, write their corrections and explanations on the board. Organise these into categories of common errors and correct usage.

Conclude with a class discussion on the importance of precise word choice in journalism, reinforcing the lesson’s learning objective.

Independent practice

• Assign students a set of sentences containing common word usage errors. Direct them to identify and correct each error, focusing on clarity and accuracy.
• Provide a list of frequently confused words and ask students to create sentences using each word correctly.
• Encourage students to rewrite a short news article, replacing vague or incorrect words with precise alternatives.
• Circulate to observe and support students as they work.

Assignment

Ask students:

1. What is one example of a word usage error you corrected today?
2. How does precise word choice affect the clarity of a news story?
3. What’s one question you still have from today’s lesson?

Some suggested answers:

• Suggested answer to Question 1: “I corrected ‘effect’ to ‘affect’ in a sentence about policy changes.”
• Suggested answer to Question 2: “Precise word choice ensures the reader understands the intended message without confusion.”

Teacher resources

Differentiation guide

Advanced learners: Encourage deeper analysis by having students explore the etymology of commonly confused words. Challenge them to create a mini-presentation on how word origins influence current usage. Offer opportunities to write more complex news articles, focusing on nuanced word choice and style.

Striving learners: Simplify tasks by providing sentence starters or word banks for writing exercises. Use visual aids, such as charts or diagrams, to illustrate word classifications and common errors. Pair them with peers for collaborative learning and provide additional examples for practice.

Recommended reading: Trainers using this lesson outline should consider reading the article ‘Using the right words‘ which we recommend you read before adapting the material for your own purposes.

Notable definitions

• Noun: A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., journalist, city, article).
• Verb: A word that expresses an action or a state of being (e.g., write, report, is).
• Adjective: A word that describes or modifies a noun (e.g., accurate, detailed, recent).

Required materials

• Whiteboard and markers
• Printed handouts with sentences containing word usage errors
• List of frequently confused words
• Copies of a short news article for rewriting exercise
• Peer review checklist for word choice accuracy
• Access to computers for digital writing and editing
• Access to the article ‘Using the right words‘ on which this lesson plan is based.

Lesson summary

• Warm-up
• Direct instruction
• Guided practice
• Independent practice
• Assignment

The free teaching tools at the Khan Academy were used in the production of this lesson plan.

Related article

The power of words

The post Lesson: Word Power first appeared on Media Helping Media.

What are the benefits and dangers of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the news production process? We interviewed Gemini, Google’s AI conversation tool, to try to find out how AI views its relationship with journalism.

Benefits listed by AI include generating routine data-driven news reports in order to free journalists to apply “critical thinking and judgement” and “empathy and understanding”, as well as highlighting important news angles that could be missed by journalists.

Dangers include “algorithmic bias” where AI perpetuates “existing biases present in the data they are trained on”, creating “deepfakes and manipulated content”, and “privacy concerns” related to data retrieval, analysis and use.

The interview with AI took place in September 2024 and is reproduced below. Gemini’s responses are unedited other than to change them from American English to English English (MHM’s preferred house style). MHM’s questions are in large bold text.

MHM: How can AI assist journalism?

Gemini AI: AI is revolutionising the way journalism is produced, offering a range of benefits that can enhance efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility. Here are some key ways AI is assisting journalism:

1. Data analysis and visualisation:

• Data-driven stories: AI can process vast amounts of data to identify trends, patterns, and anomalies that would be difficult for humans to spot. This enables journalists to create data-driven stories that are more informative and impactful.
• Interactive visualisations: AI can generate interactive visualisations, such as charts, graphs, and maps, to make complex data more understandable and engaging for readers.

2. Content creation and automation:

• Automated reporting: AI can generate routine news reports, such as sports scores, weather updates, and financial news, freeing up journalists to focus on more complex and in-depth stories.
• Content personalisation: AI can personalise news content based on individual reader preferences, ensuring that they receive the most relevant and interesting information.

3. Fact-checking and verification:

• Fake news detection: AI can help identify and debunk fake news by analysing the content, source, and context of information.
• Source verification: AI can verify the credibility of sources by checking their reputation, past accuracy, and alignment with other reputable sources.

4. Language translation and localisation:

• Global reach: AI can translate news content into multiple languages, allowing news organisations to reach a wider audience and expand their global reach.
• Cultural sensitivity: AI can help journalists understand cultural nuances and tailor their content to specific audiences.

5. Accessibility and inclusion:

• Audio and video transcription: AI can automatically transcribe audio and video content, making it accessible to people with hearing impairments.
• Text-to-speech conversion: AI can convert text into speech, allowing people with visual impairments to consume news content.

While AI offers significant benefits to journalism, it is essential to use it responsibly and ethically.

Human journalists will continue to play a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy, objectivity, and quality of news content.

MHM: What are the dangers of using AI in journalism?

Gemini AI: While AI offers significant benefits to journalism, there are also potential dangers that must be addressed:

1. Bias and discrimination:

• Algorithmic bias: AI algorithms can perpetuate existing biases present in the data they are trained on. This can lead to biased news coverage and discrimination against certain groups.
• Lack of diversity: If the teams developing AI algorithms are not diverse, they may overlook biases that are relevant to underrepresented communities.

2. Misinformation and disinformation:

• Deepfakes and manipulated content: AI can be used to create deepfakes and other manipulated content that can spread misinformation and disinformation.
• Lack of fact-checking: Over-reliance on AI for fact-checking can lead to errors and the spread of false information.

3. Job displacement:

• Automation of tasks: AI can automate routine journalistic tasks, leading to job displacement and changes in the nature of journalism work.

4. Loss of human touch:

• Lack of empathy and nuance: AI may struggle to understand complex human emotions and nuances, leading to a loss of empathy and depth in news coverage.

5. Privacy concerns:

• Data collection and surveillance: The use of AI in journalism can involve the collection and analysis of large amounts of data, raising privacy concerns.

To mitigate these risks, it is essential to:

• Develop ethical guidelines: Establish clear ethical guidelines for the use of AI in journalism.
• Promote diversity and inclusion: Ensure that teams developing AI algorithms are diverse and inclusive.
• Invest in fact-checking and verification: Continue to invest in human fact-checkers and verification processes.
• Educate journalists: Provide journalists with training on how to use AI effectively and ethically.

By addressing these challenges, we can harness the power of AI to enhance journalism while minimising its risks.

MHM: You mention privacy concerns, isn’t that an issue with AI?

Gemini AI: You’re absolutely right. The use of AI to track user data, especially in the context of social media monitoring, can raise significant privacy concerns. Here are some of the main issues:

• Mass surveillance: Large-scale tracking of online activity can lead to a form of mass surveillance, where individuals feel constantly monitored.
• Data misuse: There’s a risk that collected data could be misused for purposes other than those stated, such as targeted advertising, profiling, or even surveillance by government agencies.
• Lack of transparency: Users may not be fully aware of the extent to which their data is being collected and used, leading to a lack of control and consent.

To mitigate these risks, it’s essential for news organisations and AI developers to:

• Obtain informed consent: Clearly communicate to users how their data will be collected, used, and stored.
• Implement strong privacy measures: Implement robust security measures to protect user data from unauthorised access.
• Limit data collection: Collect only the data necessary for the intended purpose and avoid excessive tracking.
• Be transparent about AI use: Disclose the use of AI tools and how they are used to process user data.
• Comply with data protection laws: Adhere to relevant data protection laws and regulations, such as GDPR in Europe and CCPA in California.

By addressing these concerns, news organisations can leverage AI for real-time event monitoring while respecting user privacy and building trust with their audience.

MHM: What role do journalists play in a newsroom using AI?

Gemini: In a newsroom utilising AI, journalists play a crucial role as human curators, analysts, and storytellers.

While AI can automate certain tasks like data analysis and content generation, it cannot fully replace the human judgement, creativity, and ethical considerations necessary for quality journalism.

Here’s a breakdown of the key roles journalists play:

• Human curators: Journalists select and prioritise the most important stories, ensuring that AI-generated content aligns with the newsroom’s values and editorial standards.
• Analysts and verifiers: Journalists use AI tools to analyse data and identify trends, but they also verify the accuracy and reliability of this information, ensuring that it is presented fairly and accurately.
• Storytellers: Journalists craft compelling narratives that resonate with audiences, adding context, nuance, and human perspective to AI-generated content.
• Ethical guardians: Journalists are responsible for ensuring that AI is used ethically and responsibly, avoiding biases and avoiding the spread of misinformation.

In essence, while AI can augment the capabilities of journalists, it cannot replace their unique abilities to identify significant stories, evaluate information critically, and communicate effectively with audiences.

MHM: What are the unique abilities that journalists possess that AI can’t replace?

Gemini AI: While AI can assist journalists in many tasks, it cannot fully replicate the following human abilities:

• Critical thinking and judgement: Journalists possess the ability to evaluate information critically, identify biases, and make informed judgments about the significance of events.
• Empathy and understanding: Journalists can understand the human experience, connect with sources, and tell stories that resonate with audiences on an emotional level.
• Creativity and storytelling: Journalists are skilled at crafting compelling narratives, using language effectively, and engaging readers with their writing.
• Ethical decision-making: Journalists must make ethical decisions about what to report, how to report it, and who to include or exclude from their stories.
• Adaptability and flexibility: Journalists must be able to adapt to rapidly changing situations, work under pressure, and meet deadlines.
• Cultural sensitivity and understanding: Journalists need to be aware of cultural nuances and avoid perpetuating stereotypes or biases.
• Building relationships: Journalists often rely on relationships with sources to obtain information and gain insights that AI cannot access.

While AI can assist with tasks like data analysis and content generation, it cannot fully replace the human judgement, creativity, and empathy that are essential for quality journalism.

MHM: Can a newsroom function without AI?

Gemini AI: Yes, a newsroom can function without AI. However, the efficiency and effectiveness of the newsroom’s operations may be significantly impacted.

AI can streamline many tasks, such as data analysis, content generation, and distribution, making the newsroom more efficient and productive.

Without AI, journalists would need to spend more time on tasks that can be automated, such as gathering and analysing data. This could lead to a slower news cycle and potentially reduce the depth and breadth of coverage.

Additionally, AI can help identify trends and patterns in data that may be difficult for humans to spot, providing valuable insights for journalists.

While AI is a valuable tool for newsrooms, it is not essential. Human journalists will always play a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy, objectivity, and quality of news content.

MHM: Could you set out a roadmap for the introduction of AI in a newsroom?

Gemini AI: Introducing AI into a newsroom requires careful planning and implementation. Here’s a suggested roadmap:

1. Assessment and planning

• Identify needs: Determine specific areas where AI can add value, such as data analysis, content generation, or distribution.
• Assess resources: Evaluate the availability of technical expertise, data, and budget.
• Develop goals: Set clear objectives for AI implementation, including improved efficiency, accuracy, or audience engagement.

2. Data preparation

• Gather data: Collect relevant data, such as news articles, social media posts, and audience analytics.
• Clean and prepare: Ensure data quality by cleaning, standardising, and structuring it for AI processing.

3. AI tool selection

• Evaluate tools: Research and compare AI tools that align with your needs and budget. Consider factors like scalability, ease of use, and integration capabilities.
• Pilot testing: Conduct pilot tests with selected tools to assess their performance and suitability.

4. Training and education

• Train staff: Provide training to journalists, editors, and other staff on how to use AI tools effectively.
• Address concerns: Address any concerns or resistance to AI adoption.

5. Integration and implementation

• Integrate tools: Integrate AI tools into existing workflows and systems.
• Start small: Begin with small-scale projects to gain experience and build confidence.
• Monitor and adjust: Continuously monitor the performance of AI tools and make adjustments as needed.

6. Ethical considerations

• Develop guidelines: Establish ethical guidelines for AI use, including bias mitigation, transparency, and accountability.
• Human oversight: Ensure that human journalists maintain oversight and control over AI-generated content.

7. Evaluation and refinement

• Measure impact: Assess the impact of AI on newsroom efficiency, accuracy, and audience engagement.
• Refine strategies: Continuously refine AI strategies based on evaluation results.

Main considerations:

• Human-AI collaboration: Emphasise the importance of human-AI collaboration, where AI complements human expertise rather than replacing it.
• Ethical use: Prioritise ethical considerations throughout the process, ensuring AI is used responsibly and transparently.
• Continuous learning: Stay updated on AI advancements and adapt your strategies accordingly.

By following this roadmap, newsrooms can successfully introduce AI while maintaining the highest standards of journalism.

MHM: How do you assess whether the introduction of AI in a newsroom has been successful?

Gemini AI: Evaluating the success of AI implementation in a newsroom requires a multifaceted approach. Here are some key metrics and considerations:

1. Efficiency and productivity:

• Time savings: Measure the reduction in time spent on manual tasks, such as data analysis and content generation.
• Increased output: Assess whether AI has enabled the production of more content or in-depth analysis.

2. Accuracy and quality:

• Error reduction: Evaluate if AI has helped reduce errors in reporting or fact-checking.
• Content quality: Assess the quality and relevance of AI-generated content, comparing it to human-generated content.

3. Audience engagement:

• Increased reach: Measure changes in audience reach and engagement metrics, such as website traffic, social media interactions, and email subscriptions.
• Audience feedback: Gather feedback from readers to understand their perception of AI-generated content.

4. Cost-effectiveness:

• ROI: Calculate the return on investment (ROI) by comparing the costs of AI implementation to the benefits, such as increased efficiency and revenue.
• Cost savings: Identify specific areas where AI has led to cost savings, such as reduced labour costs or improved resource utilisation.

5. Ethical considerations:

• Bias mitigation: Evaluate the effectiveness of measures to mitigate bias in AI algorithms and content.
• Transparency: Assess the level of transparency regarding AI use and its limitations.

6. Staff satisfaction:

• Morale: Measure staff satisfaction with the introduction of AI and its impact on their work.
• Skill development: Assess whether AI implementation has contributed to staff skill development and professional growth.

7. Adaptability and scalability:

• Flexibility: Evaluate the ability of AI tools to adapt to changing newsroom needs and priorities.
• Scalability: Assess the scalability of AI solutions to accommodate future growth and expansion.

By considering these factors, newsrooms can gain a comprehensive understanding of the success of their AI implementation and identify areas for improvement.

MHM: Can you give an example of a journalist using AI in the news gathering and production process?

Gemini AI: A journalist is covering a major political event, such as a presidential debate. They want to stay up-to-date with the latest developments and reactions from social media. They turn to AI Tool, a social media monitoring tool that can track mentions of specific keywords or hashtags in real-time.

Process:

• Set keywords: The journalist sets up the tool to monitor keywords related to the event, such as the names of the candidates, key topics, or relevant hashtags.
• Real-time monitoring: The tool tracks social media conversations in real-time, identifying mentions of the specified keywords.
• Identify trends: The journalist can analyse the data to identify trending topics, popular opinions, and potential breaking news stories.

Benefits:

• Faster reporting: The tool allows the journalist to quickly identify and report on important developments as they happen.
• Audience insights: By analysing social media conversations, the journalist can gain insights into public opinion and tailor their reporting accordingly.
• Efficiency: The tool can save time and effort by automating the process of monitoring social media.

By using AI for real-time event monitoring, journalists can stay informed about breaking news and provide their audience with timely and relevant coverage.

MHM: Can you suggest a user case scenario?

Gemini AI: A local news journalist is struggling to keep their audience engaged with generic news articles. They want to provide more personalised content that resonates with their readers.

The journalist uses an AI-powered content personalisation platform to analyse reader data, such as demographics, interests, and past behaviour. The platform then recommends relevant news stories and topics based on individual reader profiles.

Process:

• Data collection: The journalist collects data on their audience, such as email addresses, social media interactions, and website behaviour.
• AI analysis: The AI platform analyses this data to identify patterns and preferences among different reader segments.
• Content recommendations: Based on the analysis, the platform suggests personalised news stories and topics that are likely to interest each reader.
• Delivery: The journalist can then deliver this personalised content through email newsletters, social media, or their website.

Benefits:

• Increased engagement: Personalised content is more likely to capture the attention of readers, leading to increased engagement and loyalty.
• Targeted advertising: The platform can also help the journalist target advertising to specific reader segments, improving ad revenue.
• Data-driven insights: The AI platform provides valuable insights into audience behaviour, helping the journalist understand their readers better and tailor their content accordingly.

By using AI for personalised content, the journalist can create a more engaging and relevant experience for their audience, ultimately improving their news organisation’s success.

MHM: Can you sum up AI’s involvement in journalism in three pros and cons?

Gemini AI: Here are three pros and three cons about the use of AI in journalism.

Pros of AI in Journalism:

• Increased efficiency: AI can automate routine tasks, such as data analysis and content generation, freeing up journalists to focus on more in-depth and creative work.
• Enhanced accuracy: AI can help identify errors and inconsistencies in data, improving the accuracy of reporting.
• Personalised content: AI can tailor content to individual readers based on their preferences and interests, increasing audience engagement.

Cons of AI in Journalism:

• Bias and discrimination: AI algorithms can perpetuate existing biases present in the data they are trained on, leading to biased news coverage.
• Misinformation and disinformation: AI can be used to create deepfakes and other manipulated content that can spread misinformation.
• Job displacement: The automation of routine journalistic tasks can lead to job displacement and changes in the nature of journalism work.

MHM conclusion

This interview with Gemini AI suggests that artificial intelligence has an impressive ability to generate clear and useful copy. It is also able to be self-critical. It lists the potential risks of using AI in journalism, as well as the potential benefits. Perhaps the most important message is that AI recognises there are things it can’t do – functions that require human journalistic skill. AI can’t – yet – replace journalists in creating a news service. But it can, if used carefully, be a powerful tool in making that news coverage more attractive, interesting and comprehensive.

The post Using AI as a newsroom tool first appeared on Media Helping Media.

It’s the job of the journalist to try to find and present the truth, but fact-checking isn’t easy. It requires a methodological approach to verification.

Many find it difficult to distinguish between credible and misleading content in today’s digital age. With the rise of social media, false and misleading information has become more prevalent, making it even more difficult for people to tell the difference between fact and fiction.

Because many media outlets are profit-driven, sensationalist and clickbait content frequently takes precedence over fact-based journalism. As a result, trust in journalism as a whole has declined, while, at the same time, skepticism about the reliability of information published and shared has grown.

The preference of social media platforms for engagement and amplification has contributed to the information disorder. Indeed, credible and evidence-based information is in short supply, while false and misleading content continues to spread on social media.

Because of this it is critical to have a strong fact-checking system in place to combat the spread of false and misleading information.

A fact-checker must be skilled at digital investigation and willing to go the extra mile to uncover a kernel of truth. To assess the veracity of information accurately, fact-checkers must be trained in and have access to digital tools, techniques, and resources.

Fact-checking in action

At Nepal Check, we use both human intelligence and digital tools to verify information spreading online. Over the past six months, we have fact-checked a wide range of false claims, from political statements to health misinformation.

On the eve of the November 20 2022 elections in Nepal, we fact-checked screenshots purported to be from a secret circular issued by the ruling Nepali Congress urging its supporters not to vote for Maoist candidates.

Not only was the so-called “secret circular” made up. Election misinformation spreaders created screenshots of ‘news’ that claimed to have been published by reputable digital outlets and a newspaper in Nepal.

We dug deep into the misinformation spreaders to find out what party they were affiliated with. We found that the majority were affiliated with an opposition party that competed with the ruling alliance.

One of the fake news reports had a reporter’s byline. The claim was refuted by the reporter himself. In the fact-check, Nepal Check cited him. We also cited news outlets that claimed the screenshots were fake. In addition to relying on their statement, we checked the claims on news websites.

Finally, our investigation revealed that the Nepali Congress party’s Central Working Committee had not met in nearly three months when the meeting was claimed. We also used the occasion to explain how morphed screenshots are created. In doing so, we hoped to raise awareness about the technique so that people would think twice before spreading false information.

We fact-checked videos with false claims that Gagan Thapa, the general secretary of the Nepali Congress, promised freebies if elected prime minister. Thapa is a popular politician and is often the target of misinformation. The video claiming Thapa promised free smartphones, free petrol and a monthly stipend for the elderly had circulated on social media for several months.

To debunk the claim, we needed to find the original, full version of the video. So we started by looking up the video on YouTube. We discovered a video of the political function, but it lacked the section where Thapa was quoted. However, the video provided an important clue that a fact-checker can use to conduct additional research. It displayed the event’s date and location.

With this vital information, we were able to locate the event organizer’s Facebook page. A further Google search led us to the full version of the video, which had been published by a local television station. We found that Thapa’s statement had been taken out of context in order to spread misinformation.

Thapa had argued that while populist programs receive widespread support, they are difficult to fund. To disseminate misinformation, the video, which was more than an hour long, was edited down to a 22-second clip. We could verify this by following the claim back to its source, which is an important aspect of combating misinformation.

Human intelligence and engaging the audience

While the digital age creates opportunities for the spread of fake news, misinformation and disinformation, it also creates opportunities for fact checkers to follow digital trails in order to try to find the source and the veracity of the information being shared.

The fundamental journalistic skills of fact-checking are not new, they just need applying to the digital age. Our duty, as always, is to publish accurate, fair, objective, impartial and well-sourced information, backed by well-researched context and analysis. That has not changed. And digital tools are a massive help in the pursuit of robust and critical journalism. We just need to make sure we are using those tools as well as those who propagate falsehoods do.

All newsrooms must have a fact-checking team made up of dedicated journalists who are skilled in thorough research and diligent scrutiny in order to ensure that all information shared is a true representation of news events.

Below is a list of some of the tools Nepal Check uses, and how we use them.

Human intelligence

• Research who is behind the information being spread, try to find a trail of similar information to lead you to the source.
• Does the fake news item carry a byline? Does that person exist? If they do contact them. By doing so you might find a new lead in your search for the truth.
• Does what is being said stand up to historical scrutiny? Research and establish the sequence of events leading up to the claims.

Digital tools

• Is the evidence real or manipulated or used out of context?
• Are screenshots real or fake, can you find any evidence of the original material online or in print? If not, why not? Who could have created the screenshots and why?
• Is video being used? Has a clip been taken out of context? As a journalist you have a duty to search for the original, watch it in its entirety, and offer a more complete picture including the situation and circumstances in which it was shot in order to add context and relevance.
• When you find the original you will also discover the date and, possibly, the location of the original material. Do these match the details in the clip?
• Check all social media links back to the original source to find out what other material has been shared.

Engaging your audience

• Be totally transparent in your myth-busting research.
• Let those who read your journalism know the steps you took and the evidence you uncovered.
• By doing so you will help them understand more about fake news and empower them with the tools to do their own fact-checking.

The post Creating a strong fact-checking system first appeared on Media Helping Media.

Journalism involves many tasks that requires a wide variety of skills. We look at some of the jobs journalists do.

Journalists are the chroniclers of our time, acting as vital conduits of information in an ever-evolving media landscape. They go beyond simply reporting facts; they contextualize, analyse, and hold power accountable. Here’s a more comprehensive look at their diverse roles:

Core Functions and Processes:

• Newsgathering and verification:
  • This extends beyond simple note-taking. It involves rigorous research, source vetting, cross-referencing, and the use of investigative techniques.
  • Journalists employ diverse methods: interviews, document analysis, data mining, observation, and participation in events.
  • Verification is paramount, especially in the age of misinformation. Journalists must adhere to strict ethical guidelines to ensure accuracy and fairness.
• Storytelling and presentation:
  • Journalists are skilled storytellers, adapting their narratives to various platforms (print, broadcast, digital, social).
  • They use diverse formats: news reports, features, investigative pieces, documentaries, podcasts, and multimedia presentations.
  • They must consider their audience, tailoring their language and style for clarity and engagement.
• Multimedia production:
  • Beyond basic photography and video, journalists now use sophisticated tools for data visualisation, interactive graphics, and immersive storytelling (e.g., virtual reality).
  • They often possess skills in audio and video editing, graphic design, and web development.
• Audience engagement and community building:
  • Modern journalism emphasises interaction with the audience. Journalists engage in social media, host online forums, and participate in community events.
  • They seek feedback, address concerns, and foster a sense of dialogue.

Journalistic roles and specialisms:

• Reporters:
  • General assignment reporters cover a wide range of stories, while beat reporters develop expertise in specific areas.
  • Investigative reporters conduct in-depth investigations, often uncovering wrongdoing or corruption.
• Correspondents:
  • Foreign correspondents report from overseas locations, providing firsthand accounts of international events.
  • Domestic correspondents cover national or regional news from locations outside of the main news organisations home location.
• Editors:
  • News editors manage the daily news cycle, assigning stories, and ensuring accuracy and timeliness.
  • Managing editors oversee the overall news operation.
  • Copy editors focus on grammar, style, and factual accuracy.
  • Sub-editors check the work submitted by reporters to ensure it is grammatically, factually and stylistically correct.
• Forward planning editor:
  • They are responsible for planning the production of original, in-depth journalism. They plan beyond the next day to the following week, month, and year.
• Online editors:
  • They are responsible for the online presence of the news organisation, including website content, social media, and multimedia.
  • They analyse web traffic and engage with online audiences.
• Producers:
  • Broadcast producers manage the production of news and current affairs programmes, coordinating talent, scheduling, and technical aspects.
• Assistant producers: 
  • They are junior to producers and help with research, contacting guests, organising logistics, and making sure the reporters and correspondents have what they need to cover stories.
• Podcast producers:
  • They are responsible for all aspects of podcast creation.
• Columnists and commentators:
  • They offer analysis, opinion, and commentary on current events.
• Critics:
  • They provide reviews and evaluations of art, culture, and entertainment.
• Guest bookers:
  • They are responsible for arranging for guest to appear on news bulletins and in news and current affairs programmes. They are usually seasoned journalist with wide experience and good contacts.
• Data journalists:
  • They use data analysis and visualisation to uncover trends, identify patterns, and tell stories.
• Photojournalists and videographers:
  • They capture visual narratives that complement or stand alone as news stories.
• Fact-checkers:
  • They verify claims made by public figures and organizations, combating misinformation.
• Social media editors:
  • They manage and curate the news organisations social media presence.
• Audience engagement editors:
  • They focus on building and maintaining relationships with the audience.
• Newsletter editors:
  • They produce and manage email newsletters.

Ethical considerations and societal impact:

• The Fourth Estate:
  • Journalists play a crucial role in holding power accountable, acting as a check on government and other institutions.
  • They strive to provide balanced and impartial reporting, even in the face of pressure or criticism.
• Giving voice to the voiceless:
  • Journalists have a responsibility to amplify marginalized voices and shed light on social injustices.
• Combating misinformation:
  • In the digital age, journalists are on the front lines of combating misinformation and disinformation.
• Maintaining public trust:
  • Journalists must adhere to high ethical standards to maintain public trust and credibility.
• Adapting to the digital age:
  • Journalists must continually adapt to new technologies and platforms, while maintaining their core values.

Motivations and challenges:

• Journalists are driven by a passion for truth, a desire to inform, and a commitment to public service.
• They face challenges such as time constraints, resource limitations, and threats to their safety.
• The rise of citizen journalism, and AI-generated content also adds challenges to the journalistic profession.

These are just some of the many journalistic roles that exist in the news environment. Anyone starting off in a career in journalism should look at all the option before deciding which is the best fit for their character, experience and knowledge.

The post Journalistic roles and responsibilities first appeared on Media Helping Media.